An Alphabet of Indexes

Bibliometric indices
  
A-index

- the average number of citations received by those publications in an author's Hirsch core

AR-index

- the square root of the sum of all age-weighted citation counts over all papers that contribute to the h-index

AWCR, AWCRpA and AW-index

-  the number of citations to an entire body of work, adjusted for the age of each individual paper

c-index


- Measures the quality of papers by the distance between the author and anyone who cites his/her paper. The considered pool is a pool of citations, regardless of the paper to which those citations refer the quality function is given by the collaboration distance between the citing and the cited papers

g-index

- aims to improve on the h-index by giving more weight to highly-cited articles. 

If you rank an authors articles by citation counts, the g-index is the (unique) largest number so that the top g articles received (together) at least g² citations.

h-index

- A scientist has index h if h of his/her Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np − h) papers have no more than h citations each

h2-index 

- if the maximal n is n = 5 then at least 5 papers have attracted 25
citations each, or more, while fewer than 6 have attracted at least 36 citations each


hc-index (contemporary h-index)


- adds an age-related weighting to each cited article, giving less weight to older articles

hI-index

- divides the standard h-index by the average number of authors in the articles that contribute to the h-index, in order to reduce the effects of co-authorship

hI,norm

-  first normalizes the number of citations for each paper by dividing the number of citations by the number of authors for that paper, then calculates h_I,norm as the h-index of the normalized citation counts

hI,annual

- average annual increase in the individual h-index

hmindex

-uses fractional paper counts instead of reduced citation counts to account for shared 
authorship of papers, and then determines the multi-authored h_m index based on the resulting effective rank of the papers using undiluted citation counts.

m-index

- h/n, where n is the number of years since the first published paper of the researcher

s-index

- accounting for the non-entropic distribution of citations


Thanks to Wikipedia and Harzing's Publish or Perish
 Also:

Bras-Amor os, Maria & Domingo-Ferrer, Josep & Torra, Vencenc. A Bibliometric Index Based on the Collaboration Distance between Cited and Citing Authors, http://crises2-deim.urv.cat/docs/publications/journals/555.pdf

Burrell,Quentin L. On the h-index, the size of the Hirsch core and Jin's A-index, Journal of Informetrics, Vol. 1, No. 2, April 2007, Pages 170-177, ISSN 1751-1577, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2007.01.003. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751157707000314)

Burrell, Quentin L. On Hirsch’s h, Egghe’s g and Kosmulski’s h(2), Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) Pages 79–91, ISSN  DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0405-3

Egghe, Leo. Theory and practice of the g-index, Scientometrics, Vol. 69, No 1 (2006), pp. 131-152.

Hirsch JE. An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output, http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0508025 , v5 29 Sep 2005